Sanae Takaichi Makes History as Japan’s First Female Prime Minister

Japan made history on Tuesday as Sanae Takaichi became the country’s first female prime minister, breaking a long-standing political barrier in a nation dominated by male leadership.

Takaichi, 64, was elected by Japan’s lower house of parliament after winning a slim majority, and her appointment was later confirmed by the upper house. She will formally assume office after meeting Emperor Naruhito. Her election follows the resignation of Shigeru Ishiba, making her Japan’s fifth leader in as many years.

A conservative lawmaker and close ally of the late former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Takaichi became leader of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) on October 4, 2025. Her rise came amid a period of political instability and falling public support for the LDP. The party’s longtime coalition partner, Komeito, withdrew from the alliance last week, citing concerns over corruption scandals and policy differences.

To secure a governing majority, Takaichi reached a last-minute coalition agreement on Monday night with the right-leaning Japan Innovation Party (JIP). The JIP has pushed for reforms such as cutting the consumption tax on food to zero, banning corporate political donations, and reducing the number of lawmakers.

In her first remarks after the vote, Takaichi pledged to “make Japan’s economy stronger and reshape Japan as a country that can be responsible for future generations.” She faces an array of challenges, including reviving the sluggish economy, managing a shrinking population, and navigating tense regional dynamics.

A known China hawk, Takaichi has previously called for stronger defence cooperation and closer ties with Taiwan, though she has recently moderated her rhetoric. She also faces an early diplomatic test with a scheduled visit by former U.S. President Donald Trump next week, where discussions are expected to focus on trade, defence, and Japan’s reliance on Russian energy.

Takaichi has promised to appoint more women to senior cabinet positions, saying she aims for “Nordic-level” representation. Media reports suggest that right-wing lawmaker Satsuki Katayama could become finance minister, while Kimi Onoda, who is half-American, may serve as economic security minister.

Despite her historic rise, Takaichi holds traditional social views. She opposes allowing married couples to retain separate surnames and supports maintaining male-only succession to the imperial throne, positions that contrast with Japan’s growing calls for gender reform.

Public reaction in her hometown of Nara was mixed. “She’s a strong-minded person who knows what’s right and wrong,” said Toru Takahashi, 76. Another resident, Keiko Yoshida, 39, expressed hope that the new leader would “make Japan a more livable place for women” through better childcare and employment policies.

Takaichi’s appointment marks a major milestone for Japan but also ushers in a period of uncertainty. Leading a minority coalition, she will need to build consensus in both houses of parliament to push through key reforms. Her ability to balance her conservative principles with the public’s demand for change may define not only her government but Japan’s political future.