African airlines have experienced a significant boost in cargo demand, with the International Air Transport Association (IATA) reporting a 9.4% year-on-year increase in cargo traffic for the first half of 2025. This growth reflects the region’s ongoing recovery from the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the increasing reliance on air cargo to meet global trade needs.
The surge in demand is attributed to several factors, including the rapid expansion of e-commerce, increased exports of African agricultural products, and a growing role for African carriers in facilitating time-sensitive shipments. African airlines have capitalized on this rise, improving their cargo services and expanding their reach in both regional and international markets.
Growth Drivers for Air Cargo in Africa
The demand for air cargo in Africa has surged as businesses increasingly turn to air freight to move high-value and time-sensitive goods. Key sectors driving this growth include the export of perishables like fruits and vegetables, as well as pharmaceuticals, electronics, and other consumer goods. For example, agricultural exports from East and West Africa have seen a sharp increase, with airlines expanding their cargo capacity to accommodate rising volumes.
E-commerce, which has flourished during the pandemic, is also a key driver. African SMEs are increasingly tapping into international markets, particularly in the U.S. and Europe, by using air freight to deliver goods more quickly and efficiently. This trend has been particularly evident in countries like Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa, where small businesses are now more connected to global supply chains.
“We’ve seen strong growth in demand for both exports and imports,” said Tunde Olayemi, CEO of SkyCargo Nigeria, a leading air freight operator in the region. “The rise in e-commerce is particularly noticeable, with Nigerian businesses now shipping a greater variety of goods to the U.S. and Europe. Air cargo offers speed and reliability, which are critical in these markets.”
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), a landmark agreement aimed at creating a single market for goods and services across Africa, has also played a crucial role in boosting intra-Africa trade. The agreement is expected to further enhance demand for air cargo as African businesses gain better access to markets within the continent and beyond.
The Role of African Airlines in the Global Market
While Africa’s share of the global air cargo market remains relatively small, representing just under 2% of total cargo traffic, the continent’s growth rate is outpacing many other regions. IATA’s global cargo data shows a modest global increase of around 3.5% in the same period, underscoring the impressive performance of African carriers.
African airlines have responded to the increased demand by modernizing their fleets and investing in improved cargo handling capabilities. Airlines such as Ethiopian Airlines, Kenya Airways, and South African Airways have expanded their dedicated cargo services and invested in freighter aircraft to capture a larger share of the market.
“African carriers are making significant strides in enhancing their cargo services,” said Amina Bahati, a cargo specialist at Ethiopian Airlines. “Our Addis Ababa hub has seen an influx of shipments, especially from African exporters looking to tap into international markets. We’re constantly improving our infrastructure and services to meet the rising demand.”
Challenges Ahead
Despite the positive growth, African airlines face several challenges, including high operating costs, regulatory hurdles, and infrastructure deficiencies. Airports in some African countries still struggle with outdated cargo handling facilities, and fuel prices remain volatile, further adding to the cost of air freight.
Experts caution that while the growth in cargo demand is promising, the sector needs continued investment in infrastructure, as well as regulatory reforms to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
“Governments must prioritize investments in cargo infrastructure to ensure the sector remains competitive,” said Adebayo Olajide, an aviation analyst based in Lagos. “The industry is poised for growth, but it needs better support in terms of modern facilities and streamlined regulations to truly capitalize on this demand.”
Looking Ahead
IATA projects that the trend of increasing cargo demand will continue, driven by e-commerce, regional trade agreements, and the ongoing expansion of air connectivity across Africa. As African airlines enhance their infrastructure and expand their fleets, the sector is expected to play a more prominent role in global supply chains in the coming years.
“The African air cargo sector is on the rise,” said Willie Walsh, Director-General of IATA. “With the right investments and continued innovation, African carriers can take advantage of growing global trade and contribute to a more connected world economy.”
The future looks bright for African air cargo, with continued growth expected as the region becomes a more integral part of the global logistics network.
